WESTERN GHATS
WESTERN GHATS
Western Ghats (also referred to as Sahyadri that means The Benevolent Mountains) may be a mountain chain that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian earth, placed entirely in Bharat. it's a United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage website and is one amongst the eight "hottest hot-spots" of biological diversity within the world. it's generally referred to as the nice Escarpment of Bharat. The vary runs north to south on the western fringe of the Deccan highland, and separates the highland from a slim ground, referred to as Konkan, on the Arabian Sea. a complete of ixl properties together with national parks, life sanctuaries and reserve forests were selected as world heritage sites - twenty in Kerala, 10 in state, 5 in province and 4 in geographical area. The vary starts close to the border of Gujarat and geographical area, south of the Tapti stream, and runs around one,600 kilometer (990 mi) through the states of geographical area, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and province ending at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India. These hills cover 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) and form the catchment area for complex riverine drainage systems that drain almost 40% of India.
The Western Ghats block southwest monsoon winds from reaching the Deccan Plateau. The average elevation is around 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The area is one of the world's ten "Hottest biodiversity hotspots" and has over 7,402 species of flowering plants, 1,814 species of non-flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, 179 amphibian species, 6,000 insects species and 290 freshwater fish species; it is likely that many undiscovered species live in the Western Ghats. At least 325 globally threatened species occur in the Western Ghats.The Western Ghats are the mountainous faulted and eroded edge of the Deccan Plateau. Geologic evidence indicates that they were formed during the break-up of the supercontinent of Gondwana some 150 million years ago. Geophysical evidence indicates that the west coast of India came into being somewhere around 100 to 80 mya after it broke away from Madagascar.
After the break-up, the western coast of Bharat would have appeared as associate degree abrupt formation some one,000 m (3,300 ft) in elevation. volcanic rock is that the predominant rock found within the hills reaching a thickness of three kilometer (2 mi). alternative rock varieties found ar charnockites, granite metamorphic rock, khondalites, leptynites, metamorphic gneisses with detached occurrences of crystalline sedimentary rock, iron ore, dolerites and anorthosites. Residual soil and mineral ores also are found within the southern hills.The Western Ghats extend from the Satpura direct the north, stretching from Gujarat to province. It traverses south past the states of geographical area, Goa, state and Kerala. Major gaps within the vary ar the province Gap, between the geographical area and state sections, and therefore the Palghat Gap on the province and Kerala border between the Nilgiri Hills and therefore the Anaimalai Hills.
The mountains intercept the rain-bearing westerly monsoon winds, and are consequently an area of high rainfall, particularly on their western side. The dense forests also contribute to the precipitation of the area by acting as a substrate for condensation of moist rising orographic winds from the sea, and releasing much of the moisture back into the air via transpiration, allowing it to later condense and fall again as rain.The northern portion of the narrow coastal plain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea is known as the Konkan, the central portion is called Kanara and the southern portion is called Malabar. The foothill region east of the Ghats in Maharashtra is known as Desh, while the eastern foothills of the central Karnataka state is known as Malenadu. The range is known as Sahyadri in Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Western Ghats meets the Eastern Ghats at Nilgiris in northwestern Tamil Nadu. Nilgiris connects Biligiriranga Hills in southeastern Karnataka with the Shevaroys and Tirumala hills. South of the Palghat Gap are the Anamala Hills, located in western Tamil Nadu and Kerala with smaller ranges further south, including the Cardamom Hills, then Aryankavu pass, Aralvaimozhi pass near Kanyakumari. In the southern part of the range is Anamudi (2,695 metres (8,842 ft)), the very best peak in Western Ghats.
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